The Seven Wonders of the World are a testament to human ingenuity, creativity, and the desire to create something extraordinary. These wonders span different eras and continents, each with its unique story and significance. Let’s explore these marvels and uncover what makes them so special.
1. The Great Wall of China
The Great Wall of China is one of the most iconic and grandiose structures in the world. Stretching about 21,196 kilometres (13,171 miles), it was built to protect Chinese states and empires from invasions. The wall, which dates to the 7th century BCE, is a series of walls and fortifications made of various materials, including stone, brick, and earth.
Why it’s a wonder:
Massive scale and length: The Great Wall is the longest wall in the world, showcasing the sheer scale of ancient engineering.
Historical significance as a defense mechanism: It played a crucial role in protecting China from invasions and raids.
Architectural complexity and variety: The wall includes watchtowers, barracks, garrison stations, and signalling capabilities.
Interesting facts:
It took over 2,000 years to complete, involving multiple dynasties.
Contrary to popular belief, it is not visible from space with the naked eye.
Throughout the time, nearly a third of the wall has disappeared due to natural causes and human activities.
In order to prevent erosion by insects, arsenic was used during construction thus making parts of the wall poisonous.
It attracts over 10 million visitors annually.
2. Petra, Jordan
Nestled amidst the rugged mountains and desert landscapes of southwestern Jordan lies Petra, an ancient city that once served as the thriving capital of the Nabataean Kingdom. Known as the “Rose City” due to the stunning pink-hued sandstone from which its structures are carved, Petra is a testament to the ingenuity and artistry of its builders. This UNESCO World Heritage Site, rediscovered by Swiss explorer Johann Ludwig Burckhardt in 1812, captivates visitors with its intricate rock-cut architecture and innovative water management systems.
Why it’s a wonder:
Unique rock-cut architecture: Petra’s buildings are carved directly into vibrant red, pink, and orange sandstone cliffs.
Advanced water management system: The Nabataeans developed sophisticated water conservation and irrigation systems.
Historical and cultural significance: Petra was a major trading hub and cultural centre in ancient times.
Interesting facts:
It was rediscovered by the Western world in 1812.
Petra was the capital of the Nabataean Kingdom established around 312 BC which makes it over 2 300 years old.
It is featured in several films, including “Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade.”
It was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985.
Much of the city in still underground as only about 15% of Petra has been explored.
3. Christ the Redeemer, Brazil
Christ the Redeemer is an iconic statue of Jesus Christ in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Standing 30m (98 feet) tall, it is located at the peak of the 710m high Corcovado Mountain in the Tijuca Forest National Park. The statue is a symbol of Christianity and a cultural icon of both Rio de Janeiro and Brazil.
Why it’s a wonder:
Symbolic representation of peace and Christianity: The statue’s open arms symbolize peace and a welcoming gesture.
Impressive size and location: Its towering height and location atop Corcovado Mountain make it visible from many parts of Rio.
Engineering and artistic achievement: Constructed from reinforced concrete and soapstone, it is the largest Art Deco statue in the world.
Interesting facts:
It took nine years to complete the construction between 1922 and 1931.
Made of reinforced concrete and soapstone.
Weighs approximately 635 metric tons.
4. Machu Picchu, Peru
Machu Picchu is an ancient city of the Inca tribe located in the Andes Mountains of Peru. Often referred to as the “Lost City of the Incas,” it is situated at an altitude of 2,430 meters (7,970 feet). The site that dates back to 15th century, includes more than 150 buildings ranging from baths and houses to temples and sanctuaries.
Why it’s a wonder:
Remarkable preservation of Incan architecture: The site remains largely intact, showcasing the ingenuity of Incan construction techniques.
Stunning location and views: Perched high in the Andes, it offers breathtaking views of the surrounding mountains and valleys.
Historical and archaeological significance: It provides valuable insights into Incan civilization and culture.
Interesting facts:
Rediscovered by Hiram Bingham in 1911.
Believed to have been a royal estate or sacred religious site.
Attracts over 1.5 million visitors annually.
5. Chichén Itzá, Mexico
Chichén Itza is a majestic ancient city located in the heart of Mexico’s Yucatán Peninsula. It stands as a testament to the ingenuity and architectural prowess of the Maya civilization. This UNESCO World Heritage Site, renowned for its iconic pyramid El Castillo, was once a bustling hub of political, economic, and religious activity. The city’s name, meaning “at the mouth of the well of the Itza,” reflects its strategic location near cenotes, which provided a vital water source in the arid region. The famous pyramid of El Castillo served as a temple to the god Kukulkan.
Why it’s a wonder:
Architectural and astronomical precision: The pyramid is aligned with astronomical events, such as the equinoxes.
Cultural and historical importance: It was a major centre of Maya civilization and a hub of political and economic activity.
Extensive and well-preserved ruins: The site includes numerous structures, such as temples, ball courts, and observatories.
Interesting facts:
The pyramid has 365 steps, one for each day of the year.
During the equinoxes, a shadow forms that resembles a serpent descending the pyramid.
6. The Colosseum, Italy
The Colosseum is an ancient amphitheatre (meaning: open air and round arena) in Rome, Italy. It is the largest amphitheatre ever built that could hold over 50,000 spectators. The Colosseum was built under the reign of Emperor Vespasian and used to host events like gladiatorial contests and public spectacles such as animal hunts, executions, and dramas.
Why it’s a wonder:
Architectural and engineering marvel: Its design and construction techniques were advanced for its time, allowing it to accommodate large crowds.
Historical significance in Roman culture: It was a central venue for entertainment and social gatherings in ancient Rome.
Symbol of ancient Rome’s grandeur: The Colosseum remains a powerful symbol of the might and sophistication of the Roman Empire.
Interesting facts:
Construction began in 72 CE and was completed in 80 CE.
It measures 189m in length, 156m in width and 50m in height which is as tall as a 12-storey building.
It is one of Rome’s most popular tourist attractions, drawing millions of visitors each year.
7. The Taj Mahal, India
The Taj Mahal is a white marble mausoleum located on the bank of Yamuna river in Agra, India. Its name literally translates to “Crown Palace”. It was built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his beloved wife Mumtaz who died during childbirth. The Taj Mahal is considered the epitome of Mughal architecture and admired as one of the most beautiful world heritage site.
Why it’s a wonder:
Exquisite architectural beauty: The Taj Mahal is renowned for its stunning symmetry, intricate carvings, and beautiful gardens.
Symbol of eternal love: It was built as a testament to Shah Jahan’s love for his wife Mumtaz Mahal.
Historical and cultural significance: It represents the pinnacle of Mughal architecture and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Interesting facts:
Construction took 22 years, from 1632 to 1653.
It employs a combination of Persian, Islamic, and Indian architectural styles.
Attracts 7 to 8 million visitors annually.
An urban myth prevails that the emperor, upon the completion of the structure, chopped off both hands of all the workers so that no other similar structure could be created.